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By Anika Gupta
Los Angeles’ Children’s Hospital reported that one in eight teens have reported using opioids recreationally. Additionally, 50% of drug use disorders begin in one’s adolescence, according to Current Pediatrics Reports vol 6.2.
These statistics don’t paint a pretty picture of a teen’s ability to make good decisions regarding addictive substances. But the teenage brain makes it very easy to ignore likely risks in exchange for short-term pleasure.
One factor includes the teenage prefrontal cortex. This vital part of the brain controls one’s ability to make judgments, employ self-control, and properly assess risks. Unfortunately, this part of the brain doesn’t fully develop until an individual turns 25 years old.
The prefrontal cortex includes the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). The DLPFC is a key factor in what helps us weigh the pros and cons of a decision. It is used in executive functions, or purposeful thoughts and behaviors, to make sure that our actions align with our goals. A teenager with an underdeveloped DLPFC may not fully internalize the dangers of something.
Similarly, the OFC bases decisions off of how much fun is involved. It also has a part to play in considering potential consequences or punishments that a decision may entail. It’s clear that the teenage brain hasn’t been adequately equipped to “just say no” to drugs, especially when drugs seem to be easily attainable.
Another factor is the ease by which teenagers gain access to drugs. Despite what many think, the problem doesn’t usually begin with a shady dealer but rather with trusted individuals or sources. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) states that for people aged 12 and older, a surprising 44.9% of people who misuse pain relievers acquired them from a friend or relative, while only 7.9% got the substance from a drug dealer or stranger.
Without the proper education and support, refusing drugs may not be an easy choice for teens. Moreover, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health stated that among adults living with children age 7 to 17, a miniscule 12% reported storing their prescription opioid medication in a locked or latched area.
Because of the minimal effort needed to attain these drugs, teens are left to rely on their personal judgment to control their impulse. This makes it especially important for parents to assist their children in making smart decisions, keeping prescriptions locked away, and making opioid education a priority.
If teenage addiction levels are meant to go down and stay down, then change needs to start with consideration of a teen’s headspace and surroundings. Adults and teens alike should be involved in the prevention of addiction by keeping drugs secured and education available.
This article was written as part of a program to educate youth and others about Alameda County’s opioid crisis, prevention and treatment options. The program is funded by the Alameda County Behavioral Health and the grant is administered by Three Valleys Community Foundation.
